Frozen Rock

Magma can be cooled and frozen at or below the earth's surface. When frozen beneath the earth's surface, forming igneous rock called in or called intrusive igneous rocks (often also described as igneous plutonic). Whereas, if the magma can reach the earth's surface and then freezes, forming the outside or igneous extrusive igneous rock.

Rocks Frozen In
The frozen magma beneath the earth's surface, cooling is very slow (can reach millions of years), allowing the growth of large crystals and perfect shape, being the body of intrusive igneous rock. Igneous body in shape and size have varied depending on the condition of the surrounding magma and rock. Magma can infiltrate the surrounding rocks or break through the fracture-fracture in the rock surrounding it. Forms of igneous rock that cuts the surrounding structures called discordant, which includes an batholit, stock, Dyke, and levels of volcanic.

1. Batholit, an igneous body in the greatest dimension. Irregular shape, cut the layers of rock that diterobosnya. Most batholiths is a collection of masses of a number of intrusive bodies are composing a little differently. This difference reflects the variation of magma forming batholit. Some batholit reached more than 1000 km in length and 250 km wide. From geophysical studies and research in the field outcrops batholit found that between 20-30 km thick. Batholite not formed by magma that infiltrate the fracture, because there was no fracture of the dimensions batholiths. Because of the size, can push rocks batholit di1atasnya. Although the rocks, intruded can be pressured upward by magma moving upward slowly, surely there is another process that works. Magma is rising off of rock fragments that covered it. This process is called stopping. Blocks were stopping more solid results dibandingkna magma rises, so the sediment. When these fragments precipitated react and partially dissolved in the magma. Not all of the magma of dissolved and sediment in the basic magma chamber. Each frgamen rock within the magma body that has been frozen named Xenolith.
2. Stock, such as batholiths, irregular shape and dimensions smaller than the batholit, no more than 10 km. Stock is a broadcaster or upper body batholit batholit.
3. Dyke, Also Called the hall, is one agency batholit That is compared with intrusion, small dimension. Tabular forms, as both sides parallel to the sheet, cutting structures (bedding) intruded rock.
4. Volcanic level, is the pipe below the crater of a volcano through which magma into the crater. Then, after covering the surrounding rock eroded, then the igneous rocks are more or less cylindrical shape and protruding from the surrounding topography.

Forms parallel to the rock structure surrounding them is called concordant sill, lakolit and lopolit.

• Sill, is a concordant igneous intrusion or parallel to the layers of rock that diterobosnya. Tabular-shaped and the sides are parallel.
• Lakolit, similar to the sill. The difference is the form of tops, rock diterobosnya Curved dome or convex upward sloping shape. Meanwhile, The bottom part is similar to Sill. As a result of geological processes, either by endogenous forces, as well as exogenous forces, igneous rock slide on the surface exposed.
• Lopolit, formally similar to lakolit only the top and bottom concave upward.

Igneous rocks in addition to having various forms of intrusive bodies, also found different rock types, based on the composition of its constituent minerals. Frozen rocks outside the textures are classified into groups of igneous rocks fanerik.

Frozen Rocks Out
Magma that reaches Earth's surface, coming out through cracks or holes as the eruption of volcano lava, cooled quickly and frozen into extrusive rocks. Release of magma on the surface of the earth through the cracks referred to as the fissure eruption. In general, the basaltic magma of low viscosity can flow around the rekahannya, a basalt lava flows called basalt plateau. Eruption that comes out through a hole called the eruption of volcano crater central. Magma can flow through the slopes, as lava flows erupted onto or come together as a pyroclastic gases. Lava contained in various shapes and types depending apda magmanya composition and place of formation. When the magma beneath the surface of frozen water formed pillow lavas (pillow lava), so called because its formation under the water pressure. In the classification of igneous rocks igneous rock out classified into groups afanitik igneous rocks.

Classification of Frozen Rocks
The grouping or classification of igneous rocks is simply based on the texture and mineralogical composition. The diversity of igneous rock texture caused by the cooling history of magma, whereas the mineral composition of chemical elements depend on the content of the parent magma and krsitalisasinya environment. Texture Rocks Frozen Some common igneous textures are:

• Glass (Glassy), no grain or no crystals (amorphous)
• Afanitik (fine-grained texture), extremely fine bebrutir à can only be viewed with a microscope.
• Fanerik (coarse grained texture), large-grained enough so that components can be distinguished by its constituent minerals megaskopis.
• Porphyritic, is a special texture where there is a mixture of coarse grain-butian in mass with grains finer. Which forms relatively large grains called Fenokrist while perfectly fine grains around fenokrist called a mass basis.. 

In summary, the classification of igneous rocks can be stated as follows: